Improvement in reflectors



W. J. FLIOK. Reflector.

N 213,744. Patented April 1,1879.

NPEIERS. PNOTQLITHDGRAMER. WASHINGTCN, D c.

UNITEDSTATES PATENT Orr-ion.

I WILLIAM J. FLIOK, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN REFLECTORS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 213,744, dated April 1, 1879; app.ication filed February 6,1879.

To all whom it may concern: bases toward the front or face F of the re- Be it known that 1, WILLIAM J.-FLIoK, of flector, and are joined together by an inverted Brooklyn,in the county of Kings and State of or inward-flaring frnstum, 0, whose base- New York, have invented a new and useful 1111- plane coincides, at d, with the base-plane of provement in Reflectors, of which the followthe rear cone, B, and whose smaller end plane ing is a specification: coincides, at c, with that of the cone A. l) The object of my invention is to provide an is a short frustum, inverted similar to O, and improved reflector, applicable in any position, arranged just inside the face F, its baseplane horizontal or vertical, for use in illuminating joining at f, and coinciding with that of the rooms, halls, and public places, for head-lights main cone A. on locomotives, and for other purposes, and The advantage of this construction will be so constructed that a large portion of the rays seen by tracing any ray of light-for instance, reflected shall be refracted laterally to throw a g. 'Inan ordinary reflector the ray a g would a cone of light so obtuse that its surface will be reflected from the point g continuous in the almost coincide with the face-plane of the redirection of the arrow 1; but in this case it is flector, thereby illuminating a much larger refracted at h by the surface of the inverted space than can be done by reflectors as herefrustnm D, and thrown out, as indicated by tofore constructed, which throw an acute cone the line It 'i, in a plane almost coinciding with of light only forward, leaving the side spaces the face-plane F of the reflector, thus illumidark; and,further,soconstructed as toprevent nating a vastly larger space than would be extinction or flickering of the light by sudwithin the cone of light limited by the line g den gusts of wind, and to prevent rarefaction, 71, and the arrow 1. In a similar manner the by too much heat, of the air inside of the rerays reflected by the cone B onto the inverted flector, and the consequent disturbance of refrustum O are refracted to one or the other flection. of the frusta A D, and finally thrown upon The invention consists in the construction the space to be illuminated. and combination of the various parts, as .will It will be seen that rays altogether lost in be hereinafter described. other reflectors are here utilized. Thus the In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 ray aj, striking the frustum O at j, is reflected represents a front view of my improved refour times-via, at j k l m-and issues from flector, a portion of the glass face-cover being the reflector in the direction of m n. The glass broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical plate F, covering the face of the reflector, is sesection of the same, taken through the line was cured in a tight-fittin g ring or rim, G, hinged of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the casat p to one side of the casing E, and securaing, taken on the line 3 y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 ble to the opposite side by a catch, q. The represents the reflector as when applied in the periphery of the reflector-base f is secured to ceiling, or with its face horizontal. the inside of the casing E, in three or more Similar letters of reference indicate correplaces, by catches and staples 0. spondin g parts. A current of air enters the casin g, as indi The reflector is composed of conical or pycated by the arrows 2, through the rows of ramidal frusta, lined preferably with corruholes L, covered by deflecting-plates M, and gated silvered glass, and arranged so that keeps constantly circulating around the retheir axes coincide with one and the same line flectors, thus cooling them and preventing in which is located the flame from the burner rarefaction, by heat, of the air inside, which 12, at a, in, or nearly in, a focus common to all otherwise would disturb reflection. I the reflector-surfaces. A is the main reflect- The air necessary for supporting combustion ing-surface, surrounding the flame a. B is enters through the crevices around the burner, an inner smaller reflecting-surface in rear of and at the junctions cl e f of theseveral cones. the flame, and secured at the apex, at c, to the The air entering at L passes out of the casing casin g E, which surrounds the reflector. The E, through the top flue, H, under the rim of the cones A and B are arranged to present their cap I, in the direction of the arrows 3 4. The

cap I is supported upon the upper edge of the flue H, leaving a space between them, by three or more strips of metal, r, converging downward, and to which is secured or suspended, within the flue H, the smaller central tube, J, through which the gases of combustion rise from the burner b, and pass off in the direction of the arrows 5, 6, and 4. The tube J is flaring at its ends, and covered on top by a cap, K, elevated above the tube upon braces or strips 8. The vertical rim of the cap I is larger in diameter than the fine II, and its edge projects below the upper edge of the latter, so that free escape is allowed to the air from the interior of the casing, while a horizontal gust of air is prevented from entering the chimney and interfering with the light, as whatever air might enter under the front edge of the rim would pass off at the rear edge after only passing, between the caps I and K; and if a small portion would go downward it must then pass between the tube J and the flue II, and thus not enter the reflector,

When the face of the reflector is desired to be used in a vertical position, as in Fig. 2, the rear end of the casing, E is perforated suitably to be hung upon hooks in the wall, as shown in dotted lines; but when it is desired to place the reflector with its face horizontal, to throw the light downward, the rim G of the face glass F is fastened in an opening in the ceiling, and the burner a, the chimney, and the flue H are arranged in the extended axial line of the cone-reflectors, as illustrated in Fig. 4. In this case the burnerpipe outside of the casing is connected to a flexible pipe, which will allow of throwing back the casing and reflectors from the front cover, G F, turning it upon the hinge p, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4, thus gaining free access to the burner a and to the interior of the frusta.

I do not confine myself to the conical or pyramidal shape of the reflectors or refractors, as a paraboloid or ellipsoid, or other shape, may answer the purpose, nor to the use of any particular kind of material for the reflecting-surfaces.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination of the forward reflecting cone or frustum, A, with the inverted or refracting frustum D, joined together in the plane of their bases, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the inner and outer forward reflectingcone andfrustums, B A, with the inverted or refracting frusta G D, arranged and joined together substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The tight-fitting front cover, G Rhingcd to the casing E in position, when closed, to present the glass F in contact with the face or edge of the outer frustum, I), to allow ot' free emission of the lateral rays h i, substantially as shown.

WILLIAM J. FLIC K.

Witnesses:

A. W. ALMQVIST, SIGFRTD LINDHAZEN. 

